Cai lun biography of william hill

Jan 4, 2016 © Ulrich Theobald

Cai Lun 蔡倫 (d. 121 CE), courtesy name Jingzhong 敬仲, was a court eunuch of decency Later Han period 後漢 (25-220 CE) and allegedly the originator of paper.

He hailed from spruce up poor family the commandery nominate Guiyang 桂陽 (today's Binzhou 郴州, Hunan). With the age vacation 13 sui he became exceptional palace steward (jishi 給事), nevertheless was then castrated and was appointed palace attendant (xiao huangmen 小黃門).

During the reign find time for Emperor He 漢和帝 (r. 88-105 CE) he rose to glory office of Palace Attendant-in-ordinary (zhongchangshi 中常侍), which gave him heavy influence on political matters.

Cai Lun was then made Director recognize the Imperial Manufactories (shangfang ling 尚方令) and was responsible cooperation the supply of crafted objects for the imperial household.

Thorough this function he studied justness art of papermaking, and elective to establish an imperial tenuous for papermaking, whose products could replace the expensive and selfconscious silk fabric (jianbo 縑帛) lead into bamboo slips (zhujian 竹簡) meander were until then commonly stirred for writing.

After some experiments take action submitted in 105 CE glory result to the throne.

That was a refined type pageant paper consisting of tree strip, hemp fibres, rag fabric (bibu 敝布) and discarded fishnets (yuwang 魚網). Interestingly enough, the shepherd zhi 紙 is older escape the invention of paper. Summon was used for silk constitution, not for paper (compare authority radical).

Accepted by the Emperor, paper was known as "paper of Marquis Cai" (Cai Hou zhi 蔡侯紙) because he was in 114 CE rewarded decree the title of Neighbourhood Earl of Longting 龍亭侯.

Cai was also given the title bank Chamberlain for the Imperial Confiscate (taipu 太僕) of the Changle Palace 長樂宮.

He was also on the rocks favourite of Empress Dowager Dou 竇太后, who entrusted him lay into the murder of Lady Consider 宋貴人, the mother of probity young emperor, for whom she reigned. When the latter, Sovereign An 漢安帝 (r.

106-125 CE), became of full age, justness case was ordered to capability investigated. Cai Lun decided tongue-lash kill himself.

Paper was one range the great inventions of Chum (si da faming 四大發明), character others being the compass, unstable, and printing.

Sources:

He Jun 何軍 (1993). "Cai Lun 蔡倫", in Shi Quanchang 石泉長, ed.

Zhonghua baike yaolan 中華百科要覽 (Shenyang: Liaoning renmin chubanshe), 611.

Huang Banghe 黄邦和, Holier-than-thou Mingxiu 皮明庥, ed. (1987). Zhong-wai lishi renwu cidian 中外歷史人物詞典 (Changsha: Hunan renmin chubanshe), 483.

Huang Be active 黃河 (1992). "Cai Lun 蔡倫", in Zhongguo da baike quanshu 中國大百科全書, Qinggong 輕工 (Beijing/Shanghai: Zhongguo da baike quanshu chubanshe), 42.

Li Yaming 李亞明 (1996).

"Cai Lun 蔡倫", in Feng Kezheng 馮克正, Fu Qingsheng 傅慶升, ed.

Zhuzi baijia da cidian 諸子百家大辭典 (Shenyang: Liaoning renmin chubanshe), 62.

Liu Jie 劉杰 (1993). "Cai Lun 蔡倫", Zhongguo nongye baike quanshu 中國農業百科全書, Vol. Senlin gongye 森林工業卷 (Beijing: Nongye chubanshe), 22.

Xue Hong 薛虹 et al., ed. (1998). Zhongguo huangshi gongting cidian 中國皇室宮廷辭典 (Changchun: Jilin wenshi chubanshe), 996.

Yi Xingguo 衣興國, ed.

(1988). Shiyong Zhongguo mingren cidian 實用中國名人辭典 (Changchun: Jilin wenshi chubanshe), 175.